Pfizer information systems Essay Example for Free

Pfizer information systems Essay Pfizer is a health organization in form of a pharmaceutical company. It has its headquarters in London. Due to the wide distribution of activities within the corporation however, success of its activities has been through the use of Clinical Management System (CMS). This is management software, which is in a form of a wide scope of database that support the storage, processing and release of information across different departments. In 2000, this information system database won the top honor towards care management. The nature of the database is inform of a complex autonomy of information sourcing, storage and dissemination center to the various departments within the organization. (http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/Xplore/login. jsp? url=/iel5/6709/20043/00926806. pdf? arnumber=926806) It has been an important implement towards the maintenance of patient records in electronic forms. It helps in providing support for the providers of primary care, care managers, health professionals and nurses with the most appropriate framework for decision-making. Within its system, CMS database holds records about the outlay of various chronic diseases. Elsewhere, it is equipped with the health information of various patients which is seen as an important step towards offering adequate performance lifestyle in the care management for the patients. (http://www. pfizer. com. my/01b_bus. asp) To Pfizer, CMS database system was developed as a solution towards patients care management. It has been a tool for supplement health care management in various institutional process management within the organization. A complex autonomy of data is held within its system which captures patient health history, chronic diseases, and medical attention given to them above others. Decision support for patients is attained through the provision of information across various departments within the organization. The database helps the professionals for health care in collected the most appropriate medical history, laboratory data, medical data information on treatment status, symptoms and other basic patient information. Within its system also, treatment information on patients that have diabetes, depression and heart failure is maintained. It also has a component of modules that are used by health care professionals in facilitating health lifestyles. Consequently, an approach towards lifestyles that help to reduce the risks involved in cardiovascular disease is provided. (http://www. pfizerhealthsolutions. com/media/071301_award. asp) Therefore, CMS is a risk management database system where information which is patient specific is stored. Consequently, the stored information is thus configured towards providing the most appropriate real-time analyzed decision support structures to the caregivers. The application of the information held in the system involves trained nurses as well as care managers who are licensed to use various program protocols under strict supervision of a specialist. They then deliver the most appropriate care towards the success of the patients. It has various clinical features and functions aimed at patient care management. Generally, Pfizer Health solutions have been known in offering and enhancing efficiency and quality in health care delivery. This would perhaps be a simple structure of database CMS information system.

The O.J. Simpson Trial Essays -- Simpson Trial Murder Case Essays

The O.J. Simpson Trial On June 12,1994, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were murdered. Their bodies were discovered outside Nicole Simpson's condominium. Nicole Simpson was the estranged wife of the famous football player and T.V. star O.J. Simpson. The people directly involved with this case are Judge Lance Ito, the prosecution lawyers, Marcia Clark and Christopher Darden, the defense lawyers, Johnnie Cochran, Robert Shapiro and Robert Blasier , the jury and the defendant, O.J. Simpson. The families of the victims have also been present in the courtroom, as well as other spectators and news media. This case has heard one hundred and twenty witnesses over a nine month period. The prosecution's physical evidence includes a bloody glove, bloody socks, hair, and fibres and a trail of blood drops connecting the crime scene and O.J.'s estate. Defence lawyers say this physical evidence means nothing because it was either purposely tainted or contaminated. Kenneth Berris testified that two laundry bags are still missing from Simpson's Chicago hotel room. The bloody clothes and murder weapon have never been found. The prosecution says DNA tests place Simpson's genetic markers on the drops of blood leading away from the bodies. There were also blood samples, similar to Simpson's and the victims, found on O.J.'s Bronco truck. Simpson's blood was also found on his driveway and his foyer. The prosecution says Simpson cut his hand during the murder. The defence says Simpson cut his hand when he reached for his phone in his Bronco and later cut his hand on a glass. The main focus of the defence is the contamination of physical evidence. Roger Martz testified, for the prosecution, that the blood he tested contained no significant amounts of EDTA. He said the blood found at the crime scene didn't come from a test tube with special preservatives used at a crime lab. Defence lawyer Robert Blazier filed papers stating that Roger Martz has a habit and custom of changing F.B.I. reports, removing helpful defense information and has falsely testified in a number of cases. Microbiologist, John Gerdes, testified that he found sloppiness so serious at the LAPD lab that it could have allowed foreign DNA to be introduced into evidence samples. He showed pictures of the lab where test tubes were touching each other which could cause the contamination. Gerdes also... ...s claimed " I did not, could not and would not have committed this crime." My opinion about this case is that O.J. Simpson is guilty. The defence tries to say there was all this conspiracy to frame O.J. but I don't think they proved any of this happened. The defence said Furhman was a racist but this does not prove that Simpson didn't commit the crime. They say the blood samples were contaminated but I don't think every single one was. The prosecution proved he was an abuser and I think something finally snapped inside him and he killed Nicole and Goldman. The gloves the killer wore were the same type O.J. wears. When they say O.J. tried on the gloves and they didn't fit I think he tightened his hand up so the gloves would be hard to put on. The shoeprints at the crime scene were the same style and size he wears. Bloody clothes or a murder weapon have never been found but neither has the missing laundry bags from O.J.'s hotel room. I have to wonder why O.J. lead the police on a big chase if he is so darn innocent. My opinion is that O.J. Simpson would have been found guilty a long time ago if it wasn't for all the publicity surrounding the case and the fact that he's famous.

Bilingual Education Essay

Multiculturalism as well as bilingual education approaches among schools is most likely affecting major educational institutions in the United States today. This is primarily because of the fact that the growing effect of globalization around the world influences major sectors of the world especially that of the educational field. As for a fact, surveys pertain to the fact that there are major numbers of students among American schools that come from minor races who are trying to attain education from the said country. As a result, most schools, both elementary and high school cater to at least 55% of the minor race population compared to the number of students who are among the natives of the country. This statistical fact certainly races a challenging situation to the educators of the said scholastic institutions. This challenge actually raises a changing effect within the existing system of education that is currently used in the United States. In a survey that has been performed among young students who are directly affected by the situation mentioned above, the results were radically affecting and changing with regards the learning and teaching systems within the American regions. In this particular survey, it could be noted that there are certain considerations to take notice of to be able to meet the needs of the new students who are under the multicultural educational system. The results of the said survey as well as how they particularly affect the educational approach in teaching and learning within the American territories shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow. The Survey Results Children who were studying in the first grade in Beverly Martin Elementary School in Ithaca, New York, responded to the survey based from what they actually wanted to receive from their educators as young learners belonging to a culturally diverse environment of educational divisions. Based from their response, it could be noted that there are tat least three major requirements among educators that are primarily expected from them by their students. The said expectations include: (a) Being personally involved with the students’ procedures of learning- Educators are expected to have constant assessment of how their students are so far developing in their studies. This especially concerns those who are having a hard time in coping up with the different pressures brought about by bilingual education. These students are most likely from different countries that are using other mother languages aside from English. This means that the students are then supposed to gain ample time form their educators to be able to have a clear understanding of the major procedures that they need to deal with in understanding modern approaches in learning lessons through bilingual education. (b) Being constantly recognized for excellent response to the teaching procedures used towards them by the teachers- acknowledgement of good works usually motivates young learners to do more in school. Most often than not, to at least assist the students realize that they are doing something that is worthwhile for their own personal development. This is especially because of the fact that there are students who are loosing confidence in their studies because of the fact that they are having a hard time adjusting to the language being used in class. Thus, if this is given consideration by the educators, it is possible that the students who are acknowledged for their fine works would gain much confidence as to how they are going to deal with the challenges that they are to meet in their studies. (c) Giving lessons through modern procedures that are much better that the usual- traditional teaching that is used in the regular educational presentations within the schools may not be as effective in this process of learning. Assisting students of this particular set up of learning may not be as easy as it seems. The educators are then required to adapt to the advancements that are noted as major meeting point of the different students from different countries around the world. These three major expectations draw the line of the fact that the students actually need their teachers to treat them fairly in schools even though they are obviously belonging from different races around the world. It could be observed that the ideal teaching that these young learners expect is based on personal concern of their teachers focused upon the learning progress that they are particularly dealing with in school. Of course, dealing with children from other races may not be that easy for the said early learners of the actual scene that is eminent in the human society today. However, through the assistance of their teachers in school, even children as young as first graders would be able to understand the ideal way of dealing with people from other races through the pattern of teaching and treatment that they first observe from their educators. It should always be considered that young children are very observant. It could not be denied that through the acts that the older people portray which they particularly observe everyday, they begin to gain the most important parts of learning that they need to face in life. For this particular reason, teachers who are challenged in dealing with multicultural education patterns should realize that young children have the need of being personally cared for. The psychological impact of the idea that people around them are concerned on how they are growing actually motivates children to do good in school and later on do better with their lives. From this particular survey, it has been noted by the educators that bilingual education has so far began to become the trend of the current educational systems in America. As it has been taken from the results of the performed survey among children in a particular school as noted herein, there are three particular major procedures that need consideration upon implying the different effective approaches in assisting students understand the concept of bilingual education. The said procedures include: (a) Peer facilitated Peer facilitated activities are most likely designed to assist students understand the fact that they have people or young learners who are dealing with the same situation as they are. This then shall allow them the space of enduring with the language problems that they are dealing with in school giving them the chance to become adjusted to the difficulties of their learning procedures. (b) Group System Linking Between Students Learning in groups has been proven effective especially for those young learners. Being able to facilitate camaraderie among themselves makes it easier for them to grasp the lessons that they are learning even though they all belong from different countries and are presently faced with the struggles of learning their lessons in a bilingual set up. (c) Hands-on training procedures for the use of language Practical application of the major procedures of using the language in casual talks shall help the students have a practical knowledge about the language[s] that they are expected to use in school. Today’s society is faced with the many technological innovations that particularly bring ease to learning. Both oral and verbal language could now be used in practical terms through online learning approaches. Learning within classroom settings are also being advanced through the implementation of several technologically advanced gadgets for learning processes that serves as the basic ground lining the students together. Conclusion Children from different countries may appear differently in terms of their physical attributes. However, young as they are, they are actually following the same pattern of growth and personality development that should be considered by their school educators. In dealing with children from different cultures, it should then be noted that the need for emphasizing concern for their personal growth and acknowledging their good deeds and excellent educational progress is an essential key to gaining the best results from the learning procedures of the said children. Hence, this particular suggestion leads to a certain conclusion that children, regardless of the color of the skin or the origin of their culture all need the same level of attention and concern when it comes to learning and education. Learning in a bilingual approach is not that easy as it seems for both the educators and the learners. However, with ample effort and determination to succeed in the said particular way of learning, victory could be won over. The benefits of succeeding in this way of learning is not that easy to gain, however, once the benefits are gained, it could not be denied that the efforts placed in by the educators and the learners are all worth while. Reference: Nieto, S. (2004). Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural and Bilingual Education. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. 4th Ed.

Enhancing Airplane Security - 765 Words

Airplane security should be enhanced because, the more thorough it is, the safer the passengers and pilots are. The passengers and pilots’ lives rely on their security. They put their lives in the in the hands of those who assure that security. One â€Å"slip up† in a security check could lead to hundreds of people losing their life. Men, women, children, moms, and dads are all losing their life due to one small mistake. These mistakes could easily be avoided by enhancing the security. Smuggling people, alcohol, and weapons have become a problem. Finding the securities weaknesses and loopholes could stop these problems. Weapons have been a problem, finding loopholes in security and getting by lazy security workers. In 9/11, it was said that the system wasn’t even a challenge for the terrorists. They could easily purchase their tickets, pass through the security’s checkpoints, and carry their weapons onto the plane. Slipping through security loopholes to ca rry out their plan. Even Susan Baer, a general manager at Newark International Airport in New Jersey where a hijacked plane took off, claims she had never been informed of any breaches in security that took place that day. Yes, there are X-rays and even devices similar to CAT scans to screen carry-ons. However, an X-rays beams scan vertically, so if a knife was lying down, it could look like a small wire. The CAT scans produce 3D images, but is much slower and only few bags are checked with it; even fewer of those areShow MoreRelatedEnhancing Focus on Airplane Security and Safety Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday, millions of people throughout the world fly on airplanes to get to their destination. They have allowed people to travel to exotic places or just simply granted the ability for family members to see each other even if they are long distances apart. It is a convenient and effective means of transportation that is continuously growing and has a limitless future. 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Disadvantages of trade include loss of domestic jobs, national security, the cost of protecting an infant industry, unfair competition, and protection as a bargaining chip. Engaging in international trade can undercut domestic producers, resulting in unemployment, but saving the country’s consumers a great amount ofRead MoreThe Attacks Of 9 / 111247 Words   |  5 PagesThe attacks of 9/11 was an act of terrorism that happened in New York. Two airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York, one into the Pentagon in Virginia, and another one crashed into a field in Pennsylvania intended to strike in Washington D.C. Three thousand civilian lives were lost that day. It was said by Al-Qaeda group, Osama Bin Laden that the purpose of 9/11 terror was to take revenge for the United States. The typical morning which turned out the historical tragedy terror

The Ivory Coast Overview and Media Analysis Essay

Part 1: Country Background The Rà ©publique de Cà ´te dIvoire, also known as the Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa bordering Liberia and Guinea to the west, Mali and Burkina Faso to the north, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The location now known as the Ivory Coast was made a protectorate of France during the era of imperialism by a treaty in the 1840s, and became a French colony in 1893. The country gained its independence in 1960, at which point it was led by Fà ©lix Houphouà «t-Boigny until 1993. During these years, the country was closely tied with its West African neighbors economically and politically, but also maintained trade with the Western world, furthering the nations economic development.†¦show more content†¦? Language: French is the official language of the Ivory Coast, although there are additionally over ten native languages spoken. Each native language represents the first language of less than fifteen percent of the population, expressing a wide range in culture. However, most individuals in the country speak more than one language. ? Religion: 63% of the country subscribes to a variety of localized African religions. Islam is the most widespread singular religion, hosting 25% of the population. Approximately 12% of the population reports being Christian. ? Economic Industries: The economy of the Ivory Coast functions primarily on agricultural exports, representing nearly a third of the gross domestic product. The primary exports of the nation are cocoa beans, coffee, cotton, palm oil, and bananas. The economy is currently severely threatened by the violent state of the nation, which discourages foreign traders thereby limiting exportation. An additional 20% of the GDP is comprised by industrial services, including food and beverage manufacturing, wood products, oil refining, automotive assembly, and textile production. The labor force accounts for the remainder of the economy, with over 60% of the population providing physical labor to support the large agricultural industries. ? Income: The gross national income was estimated at only $840 U.S.D. per capita according to World Bank data in 2006.Show MoreRelatedTechnology Enhanced Learning Environments For Literacy And Global Awareness Among Youth2229 Words   |  9 Pagesexpanded understanding of learning, literacy and globalization. In this chapter, I provide and overview and rationale for design-based research, the research setting and participants, data collection and data analysis. 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The 2014 epidemic was the first truly transnational outbreak of Ebola, the longest in duration, and the first withRead MoreEssay Marketing Research on Whittakers2207 Words   |  9 Pagesreport would also be an aid to the major assignment in terms of developing detailed plans with marketing factors, data and facts. 1.2 Scope This report will cover the background understanding about the confectionery industry and do an in-depth analysis of the micro and macro environment. In addition, the market segmentation, market positioning and target market that Whittaker’s is concerned with is also discussed. 1.3 Background The background of this report is to ensure that Whittaker’s doRead MoreStrategic Technology Pl Mainone Cable Company As A Case Study Essay2758 Words   |  12 PagesSummary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦2 Strategic Technology Plan.........................................................†¦.....3 Organization Current Technology Strategy....................................†¦...3.1 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3.2 Growth Opportunity...................................................................†¦...4 Plan for Future Growth...........................................................†¦...4.1 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreImplementation of Porter Dimond Theory in Beximco Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangladesh4332 Words   |  18 PagesPREPARED BY: Esteak Ahmed ID: 091-11-809 Contents Chapter 1 2 Introduction 2 Background of the Report: 2 1.5 Overview of the Porter Diamond Theory: 4 Chapter 2 6 2.2 Firm Structure, Strategy, and Rivalry 6 2.3 Demand condition 8 2.4 Factors of Endowments: (both basic and advance) 10 2.5 Related and supporting industry: 12 2.7 Overall analysis of the company position based on porter’s diamond: 13 Log Frame: 14 Chapter 3 16 Conclusion: 16 3.2 Recommendations 16 Read MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead MoreHaagen Dazs Case Study13645 Words   |  55 Pages COMPANY PROFILE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........5 1. MISSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2. SEGMENTATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....6 3. TARGET †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦.7 4. POSITIONING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦7 IV. SWOT ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......................8 1. STRENGTHS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 2. 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Essay On Stem Cell Research Funding - 1299 Words

Stem Cell Research Funding Thomas Edison said that â€Å"[t]he doctor of the future will give no medicine but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame, in diet and in the cause and prevention of disease.† He is saying that doctors will care more about the lives of his patients no what is best for them. He means that they will be investing time in preventing diseases all together instead of momentarily fixing the problem. In his time, he had no idea what kind of technology we would have today. He did not know that future medicine could be revolving around life’s purest, simplest thing: embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that form straight from the blastocyst within the first 3-5 days of†¦show more content†¦All of the studies for the different patients and diseases, show that stem cells belong in the future of medicine and are rapidly changing the way that we see diseases and how to treat them. It eliminates ma ny risky transplant procedures and attacks the illnesses at the root of the problem. The research shows that stem cells can cure diseases that doctors and scientists have spent years studying and racking their wise brains in hopes of finding a solution. Instead of using a medicine or drug, stem cells dig to the root of the problem and eliminate it from the start. Some people believe that it is unlawful and wrong to take away the genes or the traits that you were given when you were born. But what these people do not realize is that doctors are not changing the core personality of a person by using stem cells. They are not taking away what makes that person who they are. These patients are not defined by their diseases so doctors are treating a part of their body that is currently killing their very being. Scientists want be rid of what is taking over their life in order to save their future. Doctors are simply giving them their families, dreams, hopes and lives back. Scientists are using embryos from in vitro clinic, not taking them from a mothers womb. In vitro clinics whenShow MoreRelated Stem Cell Research Funding Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesHow Far Should Government Funding of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Go? On August 9, 2001 President Bush announced that he would allow limited federal funding for embryonic stem cell research under certain conditions. Under Bushs new ruling only the 64 stem cell lines that were already in place before August 9 were to be funded. He said that the government would not fund further destruction of embryos to create more lines. Also stem cells could not be obtained from embryos created for thatRead MoreEssay Government Funding of Stem Cell Research775 Words   |  4 Pagesvoters was the battle over embryonic stem cell research. In the weeks leading up to the election, polls were indicating that 47 percent of Bush supporters agreed that the destruction of embryo cells is unethical; however, 53 percent of Bush voters supported stem cell research. The overwhelming majority of Kerry backers also supported stem cell research, indicating that the majority of American voters support stem cell research. Embryonic stem cell research, while still in its infancy , has theRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Debate Over Federal Funding Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research: Pro-Federal Funding The Alliance for Aging Research is a non-profit organization that promotes the use of federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. As an agency geared toward improving the health of human beings as they age, some of their responsibilities include lobbying for federal legislation, conducting studies and surveys, and creating and distributing educational materials to health care professionals and the public. With Baby Boomers closely reachingRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administe r to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1212 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Jason Bernard BIOL-10000 July 26, 2015 Introduction In this essay, I hope to analyze both sides of the debate, and also learn more about the topic and share that information. Prior to researching this topic, I feel that any research that can help prevent or cure diseases, than the research should receive full funding and support. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch, professors at the University of TorontoRead MoreStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesseems like scientific research has provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your GoogleRead MorePersuasive Essay : Stem Cell Research1489 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Essay Stem Cell research and its funding have caused a lot of controversy throughout the past years. Stem cells are cells that are present in all living organisms. These cells have the potential to grow into any type of cell, including blood cells, nerves, muscles, and pancreatic cells. Stem cell research is essential because of the beneficial aspects it has to offer. Stem cells could potentially treat conditions such as Alzheimer s, Parkinson s, birth defects, strokes, Diabetes, cancerRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research936 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell research is full of controversy with a million different opinions on each side of the argument. In this essay, the â€Å"pro† side will be viewed and discussed. The background, the pros, the experiments and other information will be deliberated. 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Some of which include gay marriage, and abortion. Yet one of the most controversial has to be stem cell research. A Stem Cell is a generic cell that can make exact copies of itself indefinitely. It also has the ability to make specialized cells for various tissues in the body such as the heart muscle, brain and liver. But why exactly is stem cell research so controversial? Well

Introduction to the Irish Legal System

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to the Irish Legal System. Answer: Criminal and Civil Law in Irish Legal System On analyzing the Irish legal system it can be observed that it can be classified into two types which includes civil and criminal law. In the context, it can be stated here that the core emphasis of criminal law is to uphold the societal morality with the help of prohibiting acts as opposed to public order along with punishing the individuals performing such activities. In such cases, any individual who is accused of committing such activities are charged under criminal offences. In Irish legal system, criminal offences include minor offences like driving without a seatbelt to severe crime like rape, murder, burglary (Ireland-information, 2007). In such cases, on the basis of the seriousness of the cases, sanctions for offences vary from fine to imprisonment. In such cases, the prosecution of an offence is performed by the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in criminal court on behalf of the state. In such cases it is essential on the part of DPP to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the offence has been committed by the accused. As compared to civil courts, this is a higher burden of proof, the reason behind this being overruling public interest and criminal laws moral nature. On the other hand, in case of civil law, the core objective is to manage disputes between individuals. An individual initiates civil actions and issues proceedings against another person, wherein the involvement of the state is minimal. In such cases, the civil courts deals with such cases, wherein, it is determined by the civil courts if a private law right of the associated party is breached on the part of the defendant. In these cases, it is the responsibility of the civil cases to specify the apt remedy, for instance, the compensation to be paid to the aggrieved party by the defendant (McCutcheon, 2009). In the civil cases, the aggrieved party, for the purpose of establishing the liability of the defendant to the injured party, is required to prove on a balance of probabilities regarding the errors of the defendant. A mentionable example of civil law under Irish legal system is contract law that is an essential arena for business students to be accustomed with. Other significant branches of civil law are consumer, tort and employment law. To further illustrate the differentiating factors of between the civil and criminal law under Irish law, the factor of classifications is one of the prime factor on the basis of which civil and criminal law can be differentiated. In this context, it is mentionable here that, under the factors of classifications criminal law, under Irish legal system can be classified as public law that is referred to as a prosecution. On the contrary, civil law can be classified as private law which is referred to as a civil action. Another mentionable factor on the basis of which criminal and civil law can be differentiated under Irish legal system is parties involved in the case. In case of criminal law, the involved parties include prosecution and the defense. On the other hand, in civil law, the involved parties are the defendant and the plaintiff. In terms of objectives of criminal and civil cases, prosecution of the defendant is the main objective of criminal law (accountingtechniciansireland.i e, 2010). In addition to the above mentioned aspect, the objective of criminal cases also revolves around giving punishment along with incapacitation, deterrence, retribution and rehabilitation of the prosecuted individual. On the contrary, in case of civil case, the prime objective is to sue the defendant along with ascertaining compensation for the aggrieved party and ceasing the actions which are unwanted in nature. In the context on the basis of the tests applied by the court to determine liability as well, criminal and civil law can be differentiated. It can be stated from the fact that in case of criminal law under tests applied by the court to determine liability is associated beyond all reasonable doubt. On the contrary in civil law, under tests applied by the court to determine liability includes balance of probabilities, which is lower than criminal question if it is less or more likely (Kilkelly, 2009). Similarly, under the aspect of finding, in case of criminal law it re volves around finding is an individual is guilty or not. Whereas, in case of civil law the finding is associated with the aspect of establishing is an individual is liable or not. An essential aspect on the basis of which criminal and civil law are differentiated is on the aspect of commencement of proceedings, wherein it is observed that in case of criminal cases, under the criminal law, with the help of DPP through indictment or summons the proceedings are seen to be commenced. Civil cases observed initiation with the help of way of pleading (Mansergh, 2013). Remedies or penalties are also a vital aspect which distinguishes criminal laws from civil laws. Under criminal laws the remedies provided to an individual includes imprisonment, fines, community service orders or probation orders. The civil laws award penalties which include damages, injunctions, court orders, rescission, an account for profit etc. The differentiation between civil law and criminal law can be further elabora ted with the help of certain examples regarding the cases dealt under criminal law and civil law. In this context it is mentionable here that, criminal law primarily deals with theft, murder, fraudulent trading etc cases. Whereas, in civil law, the core emphasis is on cases dealing with trespass, negligence and breach of contract . In addition to the above mentioned aspect the court structure also differs in case of criminal and civil cases. In case of criminal court structure, the jurisdiction of criminal courts begins with district courts which deal with criminal law matters, which is also known as inferior criminal court. In Ireland there exists 24 District Courts which comprises of one legally qualified Judge responsible for decision making of the cases. In the above rung of criminal court structure is Circuit Criminal Court that is responsible for all serious responses apart from rape, murder, treason, aggravated sexual assault. The serious cases which are not heard in the Circ uit Court are dealt with in the Central Criminal Court, which comprise of one Judge and a Jury (Donovan, 2010). Special Criminal Court, is the reserve for the cases which includes terrorist cases and dangerous criminals. In Special Criminal Court, the jury is seen to be absent but three judges resides the cases. Though this court is not a permanent one, however, it is essential to deal with cases as such cases cannot be effectively heard in other courts. In the upper rung of Circuit Court is Court of Criminal Appeal which is an appeal court which implies the fact that cases are not heard in the court for the first time, wherein it is responsible for dealing with hearing from lower courts like the central or circuit court which deals with interpretation and application of law. In Ireland, the final court of appeal is the Supreme Court which is only responsible for hearing appeals associated with decision regarding points of law in cases of significant importance. In case of civil court structure, like criminal court structure, District Court is in the lowest rung of the structure. Herein, it is mentionable here that though District is primarily a criminal court, then also there are certain jurisdiction associated with it which entitles it to hear certain civil law matters which includes damages associated with tort and contract case, application associated with certain licenses like license to sell alcohol, tenant matter, family laws etc. The District Court has the authority to award a maximum damage of 6, 348.69. Followed by the District Court, Circuit Court is in the upper rung of District Court which is the largest civil court. In the Circuit Court aspects associated with civil cases are heard in one of the eight Circuit Court Divisions on the part of Circuit Court Judge (accountingtechniciansireland.ie, 2010). In the Circuit Court, the cases mainly deal with tort and contract claims which are limited to damages not more than 38,092.14. In cases involving civil dispute, the High Court which is in upper rung of Circuit Court, hears civil laws and matters associated with claims in tort and larger contract claims. In cases involving civil disputes, the Supreme Court is responsible for dealing with the appeals from the High Court wherein the validity of a law is challenged along with dealing with appeals by the manner of case stated from High Court. Thus the above made clearly demonstrates the difference between civil and criminal laws in terms of classification, parties involved in the cases, objectives, tests applied by the Court to determine liability, finding, commencement of proceedings, remedies, the cases dealt under the laws and most importantly structure of criminal and civil courts. Irish Supreme Court In order to identify the origin of Irish Supreme Court, Bunreacht na hEireann or the Irish Constitution is required to be referred. The basis of law of Ireland is its Constitution wherein, it has been observed that Article 34 of the Irish Constitution established the court system in Ireland which includes a Court of Final Appeal. In Ireland, the Court of Final Appeal is known as Supreme Court (Citizensinformation.ie, 2015). Another essential or source of origin of the Supreme Court in Ireland is Article 6 of the Constitution in which sovereignty is vested in the hand of the citizens of the state. This makes Ireland answerable to the court for the errors committed against the individuals due to breaching their legal rights or constitution. This also results in the formation of the Irish Supreme Court. Thus, it can be stated here that, Irish Courts which are established under the States Constitution, the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the High Court forms the governments judici al organ. Basing on the above made discussion it can be observed that Supreme Court is the highest Court of appeal, wherein, it becomes essential to discuss the structure of the Supreme Court. The Irish Supreme Court comprises of a President which is known as the Chief Justice. At present, Susan Mary Denham is the Chief Justice of Ireland. In addition to the above mentioned aspect, the Supreme Court also comprises of seven ordinary judges. In accordance to the office, the President of High Court is also the Supreme Courts ex officio member. In specific cases, the Supreme Court has the permission for extra judges (Farber, 2007). In the Supreme Court, the judges are ranked as the Chief Justice, the President of the High Court, Judges who were former Chief Justices on the basis of the date of appointment and other Supreme Court judges on the basis of their date of appointment. Herein it can be stated that in cases of procedural matters of no significant legal introduction, three judges sit. In ca ses which are associated with constitutional challenge to a particular statute or in cases which includes an essential question of law occurs five judges sit. Other than the above mentioned aspect, cases which include extreme significance like a Bill referring to Supreme Court under Article 26 of the Constitution, seven judges sit. Under the Irish Constitution, the powers allocated to the Supreme Court are also required to be discussed. One of the essential functions allocated to the Supreme Court includes original jurisdiction. In this regard it is mentionable here that Supreme Court deals with cases that includes, point of law which have significant importance, wherein the constitutionality or legality of a Bill or Statute is queried upon or the issues of whether the President of Ireland has become completely incapacitated. Another essential function of Supreme Court is dealing with appeals (Supremecourt.ie, 2007). The regular duty of Supreme Court is hearing appeals which are made by the High Court along with cases which are stated on the part of the Circuit and High Courts. These appeals are required to be approved on the part of trial judges prior sending it to the Supreme Court. In addition to the above mentioned aspect, appeals from the Court of Criminal Appeal can be brought to the Supreme Court on cert ifying the fact that the involved cases are associated with matters of significant public importance. In this context it can be stated that it is rarest of rarest cases in which Supreme Court is seen to deal with hearing from witnesses, appeals based on oral evidences etc. Decision making is another essential function of Supreme Court, wherein it us noticed that majority ruling is the edifice of decision making, though it is noticeable that every judge delivered by the Supreme Court is entitled to deliver a distinct judgment, irrespective of agreement on the part of the majority ruling. Decisions associated with validity on the constitutionality or law or of a Bill the majority decision is ruling. The decisions in such cases are given ex tempore or instantly after hearing the issues (Flanagan, Ahern, 2011). However, in most of the cases, the decisions are reserved by the Supreme Court in which the judges take certain amount of time to consider the discussed issues and deliver the decision at a later date. The decisions which are delivered by the Supreme Court are binding, ultimate and non-appealing being the being Court of the nation. Thus on the basis of the above made discussion it can be stated that the jurisdiction of Supreme Court includes hearing appeals from the Court of Appeal in case the Supreme Court is satisfied with the involved decision, the interest of justice. The jurisdiction of Supreme Court also includes, hearing direct appeals from High Court in case Supreme Court is satisfied with the fact that the case is of exceptional circumstances, it is also entitled to determine whether the question of the permanent incapability of the President arises. Thus, the decision made on the part of Supreme Court is ultimate and cannot be further applied. In the formation of rights and obligations of the citizens of Ireland there are various Supreme Court cases which played a major role. One of the essential rights of individual in criminal cases is the right of bail of individuals. In this aspect as essential case is People v O Callaghan case 1966. Under the particular case, it was stated that the main purpose of bail is to safeguard the appearance of the accused at the time of time trial with the help of reasonable amount of bail. In the particular case, it was further stated that the purpose of the bail was to neither prevent or punitive (hoc.ie, 2014). It is with the help of this case, wherein certain aspects which are taken into consideration in the process of criminal proceeding and justice which includes, nature of the accusation, nature of evidence, probable sentence to be imposed, likelihood of committing crime in the future, convicts failure to answer to bail. The aspect of adoption and associated rights is an essential element of personal and family rights. A landmark case in the history of Supreme Court cases in this context is The State (Nicolaou) v An Bord Uchtala case. In the particular case, it was stated on the part of the Supreme Court that natural unmarried father was not provided with the entitlement to be heard before an adoption order. Furthermore, a natural unmarried father was not entitled to the provisions of Article 41 of the Constitution (Humanrights.ie, 2012). Such individuals were also not allowed to rely upon their natural rights as a father. The reason behind this being, such rights are entitled to the family, wherein it was observed that he did not formulate a family under Article 41 of the constitution. In the particular case, another essential aspect which was highlighted was the rights of the mother which was entitled under Article 42 of the constitution rather than Article 41 of the constitution. Thus, it is an es sential case under family rights, which stated the fact that excluding all other relationships, the basis of formation of family is marriage. The State (Ryan) v. Lennon case 1934, is another essential case which formed the present form of rights and obligations of the citizens which dealt with the issue of judicial review. In the particular case, Article 2A of the Constitution was challenged which established the operation of military tribunal. Section 2 put forward the fact that Article 3 along with other subsequent Articles of the Constitution is subjected to Article 2A. The tribunal was required to be comprised of 5 members belonging from the defense forces that are removable at the wish of the Government. The tribunal was also competent to try terrorist related activities and offence. Section 7 also provided the Tribunal with the authority to impose penalty to the guilty for the offence that are more than usual legal punishment. In the process of trial of The State (Ryan) v. Lennon case 1934, it has identified that the determined aspect of the article were not in alignment with human rights along with the principle of separation of powers. It seen from the provisions of Oireachtas that Constitution was no more, an essential aspect to be covered in cases of post-Civil war violence and it was take the entire situation under its control. Thus in the particular case, the authority was given to the judiciary to consider whether they want to intervene (Humanrights.ie, 2010). The aspect of parliamentary sovereignty to be specific political constitutionalism got further emphasized with the help of this case. Significantly, the absence of any formal text based prohibition associated with Oireachtas has been expressed in this case with the help of Article 50 which highlighted on its amendment. Other than the above mentioned aspect, the particular case also witnessed denial of judicial interventional in associated allocated to executive and legislative organs along with judicial despotism and highlighted on making the court sovereign in nature. Thus this case acted as a land mark in establishing the right o f judicial review on the part of the individuals. There are various landmark cases in the history of Supreme Court among the various cases, the above discussed cases are significant ones, which formed the basis of rights and obligations of the citizens of Ireland. References accountingtechniciansireland.ie. (2010). Laws Ethics Republic of Ireland. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingtechniciansireland.ie/files/documents_and_forms/law_ethics_roi.pdf [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Citizensinformation.ie. (2015). Supreme Court of Ireland. [online] Available at: https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/courts_system/supreme_court.html [Accessed 16 May 2017]. Donovan, D. (2010). The Irish legal system. 1st ed. Dublin: Thomson Reuters (Round Hall). Farber, D. A. (2007). The Supreme Court, the Law of Nations, and Citations of Foreign Law: The Lessons of History. California Law Review, 95, 1335-1365. 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